Article ID: CBB001421646

Ludwik Gross, Sarah Stewart, and the 1950s Discoveries of Gross Murine Leukemia Virus and Polyoma Virus (2014)

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Morgan, Gregory J. (Author)


Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Volume: 48
Pages: 200-209


Publication Date: 2014
Edition Details: Article in a special section, “100 Years of Cancer and Viruses”
Language: English

The Polish-American scientist Ludwik Gross made two important discoveries in the early 1950s. He showed that two viruses--- murine leukemia virus and parotid tumor virus--- could cause cancer when they were injected into susceptible animals. At first, Gross's discoveries were greeted with skepticism: it seemed implausible that viruses could cause a disease as complex as cancer. Inspired by Gross's initial experiments, similar results were obtained by Sarah Stewart and Bernice Eddy who later renamed the parotid tumor virus SE polyoma virus after finding it could cause many different types of tumors in mice, hamsters, and rats. Eventually the “SE” was dropped and virologists adopted the name “polyoma virus.” After Gross's work was published, additional viruses capable of causing solid tumors or blood-borne tumors in mice were described by Arnold Graffi, Charlotte Friend, John Moloney and others. By 1961, sufficient data had been accumulated for Gross to confidently publish an extensive monograph---Oncogenic Viruses---the first history of tumor virology, which became a standard reference work and marked the emergence of tumor virology as a distinct, legitimate field of study.

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Article Scheffler, Robin Wolfe (2014) Following Cancer Viruses through the Laboratory, Clinic, and Society. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (pp. 185-188). unapi

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Authors & Contributors
Mortara, Lorenzo
Scheffler, Robin Wolfe
Sankaran, Neeraja
Gallazzi, Matteo
Eliana Piantanida
Tosetti, Francesca
Concepts
Cancer; tumors
Oncology
Medicine
Virology
Experimental organisms
Disease and diseases
Time Periods
20th century
21st century
20th century, late
20th century, early
Places
United States
Africa
Institutions
United States. National Institute of Health
National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
American Museum of Natural History, New York
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