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Article ID: CBB001421107

Adolf Remane (1898--1976) and His Views on Systematics, Homology and the Modern Synthesis (2010)

Zachos, Frank E. (Author)
Hossfeld, Uwe (Author)

Studies in History of Biology
Volume: 2
Pages: 51--64

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Modern Synthesis (biology) Zoology Morphology Invertebrate zoology Marine biology Phylogeny Evolution 20th century Germany Remane, Adolf

Adolf Remane (1898--1976) was one of the most versatile German zoologist of the twentieth century. His main biological concerns were morphology and phylogeny but he also worked on ecology,marine biology and various other topics. He was director of the Zoological Institute and Museum of Kiel University for more than thirty years, founder of the Institute for Marine Biology in Kiel and co-founder of the Norddeutsches Phylogenetisches Symposium (North-German Phylogenetic Symposium). In 1950, he published a brilliant morphological theory on the origin of the celom within the Bilateria, embracing the enterocele theory and the origin of metamerism. He regarded the celomic pouches in archimeric organisms such as echinoderms and the gastric pouches of Cnidaria as homologous and thus derived the Bilateria from Cnidaria-like ancestors. This implies that the stem form of the Bilateria already had a celomate organisation and that the celoms in all subgroups of theBilateria, specifically in the two major lineages ---Spiralia and Radialia, --- are homologous. Elegant as Remane`s views may be, against the background of modern morphological and systematic research his theory must be considered refuted. His enormous reputation as a phylogeneticist is shown by the fact that he was asked to write the chapter on the history of animals in the second and third edition of Gerhard Heberer`s Die Evolution der Organismen (1954--1959; 1967), whose first edition (1943) belonged to the key publications during the evolutionary synthesis in Germany. In his theoretical masterpiece, Die Grundlagen des natürlichen Systems, der vergleichenden Anatomie und der Phylogenetik (1952), he gives an overview of different theories of evolution among which the Mutationstheorie (which is not equivalent to the de Vriesian theory but is based on mutation, selection and gradualism) is discussed most detailedly. Remane`s attitude towards the synthetic theory of evolution (the Mutationstheorie in his terminology) is somewhat ambivalent: As to the level of speciation (microevolution) he fully appreciates the synthesis but denies that the synthetic theory also covers the macroevolutionary level. In his opinion, as yet there is no evidence for granting the synthetic theory such a general explanatory character.

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