Article ID: CBB001420851

Why New Hybrid Organizations Are Formed: Historical Perspectives on Epistemic and Academic Drift (2013)

unapi

By comparing three types of hybrid organizations---18th-century scientific academies, 19th-century institutions of higher vocational education, and 20th-century industrial research institutes---it is the purpose here to answer the question of why new hybrid organizations are continuously formed. Traditionally, and often implicitly, it is often assumed that emerging groups of potential knowledge users have their own organizational preferences and demands influencing the setup of new hybrid organizations. By applying the concepts epistemic and academic drift, it will be argued here, however, that internal organizational dynamics are just as important as changing historical conjunctures in the uses of science when understanding why new hybrid organizations are formed. Only seldom have older hybrid organizations sought to make themselves relevant to new categories of knowledge users as the original ones have been marginalized. Instead, they have tended to accede to ideals supported by traditional academic organizations with higher status in terms of knowledge management, primarily universities. Through this process, demand has been generated for the founding of new hybrid organizations rather than the transformation of existing ones. Although this study focuses on Swedish cases, it is argued that since Sweden strove consistently to implement existing international policy trends during the periods in question, the observations may be generalized to apply to other national and transnational contexts.

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Authors & Contributors
Kaiserfeld, Thomas
Cugini, Umberto
Leoni, Vittorio
Genta, Giancarlo
Tamari, Steve
Cantoni, Virginio
Concepts
Universities and colleges
Science education and teaching
Societies; institutions; academies
Technology
Industry
Globalization; internationalization
Time Periods
20th century
19th century
18th century
21st century
Early modern
Renaissance
Places
Sweden
Italy
England
United States
Syria
London (England)
Institutions
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Universität Innsbruck
Universität Graz
Chelsea Physic Garden
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