Article ID: CBB001320363

Elisabeth H. Winterhalter (1856--1952): The Pioneer and Her Eponymous Ovarian Ganglion (2013)

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Elisabeth Winterhalter was a German neuroanatomist, physician, feminist, and promoter of the arts. After earning her medical degree and completing postgraduate work in surgery and gynecology she was denied the opportunity to take the medical licensing exam in her native Germany. In 1896, while working part time in Frankfurt as an assistant to two physicians, she used Golgi staining to identify neurons in human ovaries. Others, including one of the period's leading researchers of reproductive biology, were unable to find Winterhalter's ganglia in their preparations and concluded that Winterhalter had observed non-neuronal cells. Almost a century later, researchers using histochemical techniques rediscovered autonomic neurons in primate ovaries, vindicating Winterhalter and supporting parts of her nervous influence theory of ovarian function.[

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Authors & Contributors
Frampton, Sally
Magyar, László András
Jarrell, John
Dobson, Szabolcs
Heidt-Forsythe, Erin
Seitz, Emily A.
Concepts
Medicine and gender
Women in medicine
Gynecology
Medicine
Biographies
Physicians; doctors
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
Medieval
20th century
18th century
12th century
Places
Germany
England
Italy
Ireland
Salerno (Italy)
Dublin (Ireland)
Institutions
Salerno. Schola Salernitana
Salpêtrière, Paris
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