Lawton, Bryan (Author)
Tunnelling involves boring and arching through various strata in a straight line from one definite point to another; and more often than not the tunnel is dug from both ends so the tunnellers meet in the middle. It is distinguished from mining, where the passage is propped rather than arched, and where the purpose is to follow the ore bearing strata wherever it leads. In this paper the state of tunnelling in the 1740s is exemplified by a water mine that was built at Coleshill House and by correspondence with the Rev. Stephen Hales, who described how air quality could be measured using a calibrated candle, and how it might be improved by use of a mechanical ventilator, both of which he had invented and used to considerable advantage in mines, ships, hospitals and so on.
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