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Article ID: CBB001251995

La théorie cérébrale d'un naturaliste spiritualiste, Henri-Marie Ducrotay (2012)

Clauzade, Laurent (Author)

Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Volume: 65, no. 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 237-257

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Collected works Nervous system Neurosciences 19th century France Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de Gall, Franz Joseph

The theory of the brain of a spiritualist naturalist, Henri-Marie Ducrotay de Blainville This paper tries to take stock of Henri-Marie Ducrotay de Blainville's theories regarding the nervous system. This reconstruction draws not only on what had been published by the naturalist, but also on archives that have not yet been exploited, most notably personal notebooks in which Blainville wrote down the content of his lectures. From these sources emerges a somewhat original conception of the nervous system that may be characterized as the conjunction of three features : a comparative approach aiming at a genetic description of the nervous system within the animal hierarchy ; a philosophical stance that may be labelled spiritualist and which disputes a strictly naturalistic understanding of localization ; and a perspective which is very close to Franz Joseph Gall's claims, be they methodological (with the so-called psychological method), anatomical (with the concept of ganglion ), or psychophysiological (with the claim of the plurality of faculties), this last feature certainly being the most salient. Accordingly, this study enables one to underline the importance of Gall's claims about the nervous system at a time, the early 19th century, when the experimental method was far from being the sole paradigm of physiology.

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