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Article ID: CBB001221628

Hans Driesch and the Problems of “Normal Psychology”. Rereading His Crisis in Psychology (1925) (2012)

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Volume: 43
Pages: 455--461

Publication Date: 2012
Edition Details: Part of a special section: “Assimilating Knowledge---Food and Nutrition in Early Modern Physiologies and Psychology, A Science in Crisis? A Century of Reflections and Debates”
Language: English

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Psychology Consciousness Soul (philosophy) Vitalism Ontology 20th century, early Germany Driesch, Hans Adolf Eduard

In 1925, the German biologist and philosopher Hans Driesch published a booklet entitled The Crisis in Psychology. It was originally published in English and was based on lectures given at various universities in China, Japan and the USA. The crisis in psychology of that time, in Driesch's opinion, lies in the necessity to decide about the road which psychology is to follow in the future. This necessity refers to five critical points, namely (1) to develop the theory of psychic elements to a theory of meaning by phenomenological analysis, (2) the overcoming of association theory, (3) to acknowledge that the unconscious is a fact and a normal aspect of mental life, (4) to reject psychomechanical parallelism or any other epiphenomenalistic solution of the mind-body problem, and (5) the extension of psychical research to new facts as described by parapsychology, for instance. Driesch saw close parallels between the development of modern psychology and that of biology, namely in a theoretical shift from sum-concepts like association and mechanics, to totality-concepts like soul and entelechy. The German translation of 1926 was entitled Grundprobleme der Psychologie (Fundamental Problems of Psychology) while the crisis in psychology forms just the subtitle of this book. This underlines that Driesch's argumentation---in contrast to that of Buehler---dealt with ontological questions rather than with paradigms.

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Article Sturm, Thomas; Mülberger, Annette (2012) Crisis Discussions in Psychology---New Historical and Philosophical Perspectives. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (p. 425). unapi

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