Political Descent: Malthus, Mutualism, and the Politics of Evolution in Victorian England (2014)
Hale, Piers J. (Author)
University of Chicago Press
Physical Details: 464 pp.; ill.; bibl.; index
Language: English
Historians of science have long noted the influence of the nineteenth-century political economist Thomas Robert Malthus on Charles Darwin. In a bold move, Piers J. Hale contends that this focus on Malthus and his effect on Darwin's evolutionary thought neglects a strong anti-Malthusian tradition in English intellectual life, one that not only predated the 1859 publication of the Origin of Species but also persisted throughout the Victorian period until World War I. Political Descent reveals that two evolutionary and political traditions developed in England in the wake of the 1832 Reform Act: one Malthusian, the other decidedly anti-Malthusian and owing much to the ideas of the French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck. These two traditions, Hale shows, developed in a context of mutual hostility, debate, and refutation. Participants disagreed not only about evolutionary processes but also on broader questions regarding the kind of creature our evolution had made us and in what kind of society we ought therefore to live. Significantly, and in spite of Darwin's acknowledgement that natural selection was the doctrine of Malthus, applied to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms, both sides of the debate claimed to be the more correctly Darwinian. By exploring the full spectrum of scientific and political issues at stake, Political Descent offers a novel approach to the relationship between evolution and political thought in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.
...MoreReview James Paradis (2019) Review of "Political Descent: Malthus, Mutualism, and the Politics of Evolution in Victorian England". Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences (pp. 178-180).
Review James Paradis (2019) Review of "Political Descent: Malthus, Mutualism, and the Politics of Evolution in Victorian England". Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences (pp. 178-180).
Review Renwick, Chris (2015) Review of "Political Descent: Malthus, Mutualism, and the Politics of Evolution in Victorian England". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (pp. 64-66).
Review Bashford, Alison (2015) Review of "Political Descent: Malthus, Mutualism, and the Politics of Evolution in Victorian England". Annals of Science: The History of Science and Technology (pp. 411-413).
Review Conlin, Jonathan (2015) Review of "Political Descent: Malthus, Mutualism, and the Politics of Evolution in Victorian England". British Journal for the History of Science (pp. 702-704).
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