Pereira Martins, Lilian Al-Chueyr (Author)
During the last two decades of the 19th century several researchers suggested that the hereditary characteristics were transmitted by the cell nucleus, particularly by the chromosomes. The aim of this paper is to discuss one of the contributions from this period: Oscar Hertwig's theory of idioblasts. Hertwig believed that the particles, which were the bearers of the hereditary characterististics, the idioblasts, were located on the nuclear chromosomes and could be grouped only temporarily, since the chromosomes could not be seen during the rest phases of the cell division. It will also be taken into account the scientific context of that time, including Hertwig's critiques of other theories of inheritance of that time, such as Weismann's theory of inheritance, for instance. This study led to the conclusion that besides Hertwig's own research, the cytological and embryological evidence provided by other authors made his proposal different from the previous 19th microscopical models such as Darwin's or Spencer's ones.
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