Article ID: CBB001211257

The Unbearable Lightness of the Extrapyramidal System (2012)

unapi

The concept of the extrapyramidal system comprises an amalgam of disparate and often conflicting ideas with a tortuous history. To the theoretical neuroscientist or practicing clinician, it promptly evokes semantic associations that are hardly reminiscent of its original meaning. The purpose of this article is to revisit the sources of the extrapyramidal concept and to examine the transformations that it went through from its inception, in the late 1890s, up to the neuroimaging revolution of the 1980s. Our review shows that the use of extrapyramidal as a surrogate for the basal ganglia, disorders of movement, or certain manifestations of spastic hemiplegia does not apply to humans; rather, it represents the historical product of the unwarranted translation of results of animal experimentation into the interpretation of clinical findings on human patients, misguided clinico-anatomic deductions, and fanciful phylogenetic notions. We conclude that the extrapyramidal concept is a valid and robust anatomic concept as long as it strictly refers to the collection of descending fibers originating in a few discrete brainstem tegmental motor nuclei that project to the spinal cord. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Authors & Contributors
Hlade, Josef
Dell'Osso, Liliana
Lorettu, Liliana
Ciliberti, Rosagemma
Iorio, Silvia
Cantino, Dario
Concepts
Medicine
Neurosciences
Imaging technology
Physiological psychology
Psychiatry
Brain
Time Periods
20th century
19th century
18th century
20th century, early
21st century
Places
Italy
Pisa (Italy)
England
United States
Russia
Japan
Institutions
Rossiiskaia Akademiia Nauk
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