Article ID: CBB001210121

Crossing, Grading, and Keeping Pure: Animal Breeding and Exchange around 1860 (2011)

unapi

During the first half of the nineteenth century, breeders of livestock in the United States and Germany began to approach animal husbandry in a more systematic manner. Responding to changes in ideas about heredity and economic pressures, they imported large numbers of animals from abroad, especially from Great Britain. With these imported breeds they set out to transform their native specimens to better meet the needs of an industrializing nation. Their strategies for animal improvement, which included grading, crossing, and pure breeding, constituted practical experiments into heredity that ran parallel to the work of naturalists. By 1860, the modern system of breeding, with its attention to public registries of pedigrees, gained increasing influence in both contexts.

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Authors & Contributors
Derry, Margaret Elsinor
Wood, Roger J.
García-Sancho, Miguel
Kevles, Daniel J.
Müller-Wille, Staffan
Orel, Vítězslav
Journals
Agricultural History
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
Journal of the History of Biology
Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Science as Culture
Publishers
University of Chicago Press
University of Toronto Press
Yale University
Johns Hopkins University Press
Oxford University Press
Princeton University Press
Concepts
Breeding
Heredity
Animal husbandry
Animal genetics
Genetics
Horses
People
Backewell, Robert
Darbishire, Arthur Dukinfield
Darwin, Charles Robert
Laughlin, Harry Hamilton
Time Periods
19th century
18th century
20th century, early
20th century
21st century
20th century, late
Places
United States
Great Britain
France
Paris (France)
India
China
Institutions
United States. Eugenics Record Office
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