Article ID: CBB001200585

Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918--1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison (2013)

unapi

Some of the most severely affected communities in the world during the 1918-19 influenza pandemic were in Labrador and Alaska. Although these two regions are on the opposite ends of North America, a cultural continuum in the Inuit populations extends throughout the North American Arctic. Both regions contain other population groups, however, and because of these similarities and differences, a comparison of their experiences during the pandemic provides new insights into how culture and environment may influence patterns of spread of infectious disease. We describe here analyses of the patterns of influenza mortality in 97 Alaska communities and 37 Labrador communities. The Alaska communities are divided into five geographic regions corresponding to recognized cultural groups in the region; the Labrador communities are separated into three regions that vary in the degree of admixture between European and indigenous (primarily Inuit) groups. In both Alaska and Labrador mortality was substantially higher than the worldwide average of 2.5-5 percent. Average mortality ranged from less than 1 percent to 38 percent at the regional level in Alaska and from 1 percent to 75 percent at the regional level in Labrador with up to 90 percent mortality in some local communities in both Alaska and Labrador. A number of factors influencing this heterogeneous experience are discussed, including the impact of weather and geography; attempts to protect communities by implementing quarantine policies; accessibility of health care; nutritional deficiencies; cultural factors, such as settlement patterns, seasonal [End Page 177] activities, and ethnicity; and exposure to earlier outbreaks of influenza or other diseases that may have increased or lessened the impact of influenza in 1918-19. 370-public health, flu, comparison

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Authors & Contributors
Martinez Martin, Abel Fernando
Pezzoni, Barbara
Brabin, Bernard
Gorini, Ilaria
Porras Gallo, M. Isabel
Milne, Ida
Concepts
Epidemics
Influenza
Public health
Disease and diseases
Mortality
Medicine and culture
Time Periods
20th century, early
20th century
19th century
20th century, late
18th century
Places
United States
Canada
Bogotá (Colombia)
New Brunswick (Canada)
Great Britain
United Kingdom
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