Article ID: CBB001200574

The International Telecommunications Union, Space Radio Communications, and U.S. Cold War Diplomacy, 1957--1963 (2012)

unapi

This article examines the role of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United Nations, in the international effort to manage the radio spectrum. The management of the radio spectrum has been one of the most important activities of the ITU. International agreements for the use of the radio spectrum have been necessary because radio waves do not simply stop at national borders. Governments have viewed the spectrum as an international common resource.Specifically, this article focuses on the development of radio spectrum policy for one of the most significant new radio services of the twentieth century: radio transmissions involving outer space. Crucial ITU administrative radio conferences in 1959 and 1963 organized especially by the United States laid the foundation for the Cold War space race. A focus on the efforts by the United States to manage the meetings is particularly important for gaining a deeper understanding of Cold War diplomacy and international relations during this crucial period. In the context of total cold war, diplomacy was closely linked to a broad range of national security concerns, not only military preparedness but also the symbolic and material struggle over hearts and minds. A central concern of the early efforts to arrive at international agreements for space frequencies was satellite communications. The United States was particularly concerned about convincing the international community to set aside large blocks of frequencies for a planned global satellite communications system that would serve multiple national security objectives. The global satellite system would, in turn, play an important role in convincing other countries to agree to set aside frequencies for all forms of space communication.

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https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB001200574/

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Authors & Contributors
Susan Colbourn
Elisabeth Roehrlich
Mausbach, Wilfried
Maharaj, Doraisamy Ashok
Gassert, Philipp
Wedge, John
Concepts
Cold War
Technology and politics
Communication technology
Satellites, artificial
Foreign relations; diplomacy
Radio
Time Periods
20th century, late
20th century
21st century
20th century, early
Places
United States
Soviet Union
Canada
Niagara Falls
People's Republic of China
Germany
Institutions
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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