The Teacher and the Forest: The Pennsylvania Forestry Association, George Perkins Marsh, and the Origins of Conservation Education (2012)
Linehan, Peter (Author)
Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies
Volume: 79
Pages: 520--536
Pennsylvania was named for its vast forests, which included well-stocked hardwood and softwood stands. This abundant resource supported a large sawmill industry, provided hemlock bark for the tanning industry, and produced many rotations of small timber for charcoal for an extensive iron-smelting industry. By the 1880s, the condition of Pennsylvania's forests was indeed grim. In the 1895 report of the legislatively created Forestry Commission, Dr. Joseph T. Rothrock described a multicounty area in northeast Pennsylvania where 970 square miles had become waste areas or stripped lands. Rothrock reported furthermore that similar conditions prevailed further west in north-central Pennsylvania.1 In a subsequent report for the newly created Division of Forestry, Rothrock reported that by 1896 nearly 180,000 acres of forest had been destroyed by fire for an estimated loss of $557,000, an immense sum in those days.2 Deforestation was also blamed for contributing to the number and severity of damaging floods. Rothrock reported that eight hard-hit counties paid more than $665,000 to repair bridges damaged from flooding in the preceding four years.
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