Article ID: CBB001042274

Where was mean solar time first adopted? (2021)

unapi

It is usually stated in the literature that Geneva was the first city to adopt mean solar time, in 1780, followed by London (or the whole of England) in 1792, Berlin in 1810 and Paris in 1816. In this short paper I will partially revise this statement, using primary references when available, and provide dates for a few other European cities. Although no exact date was found for the first public use of mean time, the primacy seems to belong to England, followed by Geneva in 1778–1779 (for horologists), Berlin in 1810, Geneva in 1821 (for public clocks), Vienna in 1823, Paris in 1826, Rome in 1847, Turin in 1849, and Milan, Bologna and Florence in 1860.

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Authors & Contributors
Avner Wishnitzer
Philippe Bruyerre
Le Lay, Colette
Joaquin Fortanet
Rory McEvoy
Chase-Levenson, Alex
Journals
Asclepio: Archivo Iberoamericano de Historia de la Medicina
Ferrum
Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
History of Science
Environmental History
Endeavour: Review of the Progress of Science
Publishers
Pavia University Press
Presses universitaires du Midi
University of Wisconsin at Madison
University of Chicago Press
Oxford University Press
Brill
Concepts
Time measurement
Clocks
Time measuring instruments
Mathematics
Astronomy
Time perception
People
Retzius, Anders
Bayly, William
Bridges, Henry
Harrison, John
Descartes, René
Cook, James
Time Periods
19th century
18th century
17th century
20th century
16th century
Premodern
Places
Europe
Great Britain
United States
France
Mediterranean region
London (England)
Institutions
Royal Observatory Greenwich
France. Bureau des Longitudes
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