Article ID: CBB001024471

L'observation scientifique est-elle un témoignage? (2011)

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Armatte, Michel (Author)


Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique
Volume: 7, no. 1
Issue: 1


Publication Date: 2011
Edition Details: Part of a special issue, “Probabilités juridiques et Statistiques judiciaires”. http://www.jehps.net/juin2011/Armatte.pdf (Accessed on September 27, 2011)
Language: French

Les historiens des sciences, promoteurs de la notion de révolution scientifique placent l'observation et l'expérimentation au fondement de la science moderne et font jouer au témoignage un rôle de premier plan dans la connaissance des faits, mais leur fiabilité incertaine n'autorise qu'une connaissance probable. Or la théorie des probabilités qui se constitue également à la toute fin du XVIIe comprend une branche importante, la probabilité des témoignages, dont les principales propositions sont dues à Craig, Hooper, J. et N. Bernoulli, d'Alembert, Condorcet, Laplace, Lacroix, Poisson et Cournot. On pourrait s'attendre à ce que la théorie probabiliste des erreurs emprunte à cette tradition. Or il n'en est rien : elle se constitue sur une toute autre base. En retraçant ces deux histoires parallèles, nous essayons d'expliquer les raisons du paradoxe de cette non-rencontre, et des deux historiographies quasi indépendantes du calcul des probabilités sur les témoignages et sur les observations scientifiques.

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Description On probability theory at the end of the 17th century.


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Article Martin, Thierry (2011) Introduction. Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique. unapi

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Authors & Contributors
Bartha, Paul
Bellhouse, David R.
Breger, Herbert
Bru, Bernard
Campe, Rüdiger
Campos, Daniel G.
Journals
Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Almagest
British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
Synthese
British Journal for the History of Mathematics
Publishers
Mathematical Association of America
Pennsylvania State University
Cambridge University Press
Oxford University Press
Springer-Verlag
Stanford University Press
Concepts
Mathematics
Probability and statistics
Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy
Probabilism (philosophy)
Mathematics and its relationship to science
People
Pascal, Blaise
Bernoulli, Jakob
Laplace, Pierre Simon
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von
Arbuthnot, John
Archimedes
Time Periods
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
Places
France
England
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