Among the projects implemented under the New Deal programs of the 1930s in the United States were those broadly defined as conservation work, which were meant to enhance in one way or another the natural resources of the nation. Federal agencies such as the US Biological Survey and the Civilian Conservation Corps manipulated environments in ways that demonstrated how their managers valued facets of nature and their human interaction with nature. In the case of the Souris River wildlife refuges in North Dakota, established to create reproductive habitat for migratory waterfowl, federal projects engineered the environment in significant ways to accomplish what the planners viewed as 'restoration.' Investigating the engineering of the Souris River gives us a window into which parts of nature the planners valued most, and it also helps us to evaluate different understandings of restoration in our own time. Keywords: Civilian Conservation Corps; dams; habitat restoration; J. Clark Salyer; migratory waterfowl; Souris River; US Biological Survey; US Fish & Wildlife Service; wildlife refuges
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