Article ID: CBB000953002

Modular Arithmetic before C. F. Gauss: Systematizations and Discussions on Remainder Problems in 18th-Century Germany (2009)

unapi

Remainder problems have a long tradition and were widely disseminated in books on calculation, algebra, and recreational mathematics from the 13th century until the 18th century. Many singular solution methods for particular cases were known, but Bachet de Méziriac was the first to see how these methods connected with the Euclidean algorithm and with Diophantine analysis (1624). His general solution method contributed to the theory of equations in France, but went largely unnoticed elsewhere. Later Euler independently rediscovered similar methods, while von Clausberg generalized and systematized methods that used the greatest common divisor procedure. These were followed by Euler's and Lagrange's continued fraction solution methods and Hindenburg's combinatorial solution. Shortly afterwards, Gauss, in the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, proposed a new formalism based on his method of congruences and created the modular arithmetic framework in which these problems are posed today.

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Authors & Contributors
Bullynck, Maarten
Borgato, Maria Teresa
Bradleya, Robert E.
Cogliati, Alberto
Del Centina, Andrea
Di, Li
Journals
Bollettino di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche
Historia Mathematica
Annals of Science: The History of Science and Technology
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences
Istoriko-Matematicheskie Issledovaniia
Publishers
Mathematical Association of America
Elsevier
Niedersächsische Staats- und Univ.-Bibl.
Springer
Concepts
Mathematics
Arithmetic
Geometry
Biographies
Manuscripts
Astronomy
People
Gauss, Carl Friedrich
Euler, Leonhard
Lagrange, Joseph Louis
Lambert, Johann Heinrich
Alembert, Jean le Rond d'
Cantor, Georg Ferdinand Ludwig
Time Periods
18th century
19th century
17th century
20th century, early
16th century
Renaissance
Places
Germany
Russia
China
Europe
France
Spain
Institutions
St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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