Williams, Alan (Author)
Iron-arsenic alloys are described in many medieval chemical recipes as a means to "liquefy" iron. In fact, while such alloys have relatively low melting points, they are not the only examples of iron being known as a liquid metal. There is evidence from the analysis of swords, as well as from written references, that crucible steel, probably imported from the Middle East, was known in Western Europe from the Early Middle Ages. In addition, the "blast furnace", which produced liquid pig iron, is now known from archaeological evidence to have been operated from at least the thirteenth century in Scandinavia. The descriptions of iron-smelting and iron-working given in the accounts written by scholastic alchemists are in fact closely related to the contemporary practices of craftsmen operating iron furnaces.
...More
Book
Humbertclaude, Eric;
(2010)
Federico Gualdi à Venise: fragments retrouvés (1660--1678): recherches sur un exploitant minier alchimiste
(/isis/citation/CBB001200924/)
Article
Qian, Wei;
(2007)
New Research on Bin-tie
(/isis/citation/CBB000933473/)
Article
Coze, Jean Le;
(2007)
On the Question of Possible Transfer of Steel Technology from India to Europe through the Muslim Middle East
(/isis/citation/CBB000850240/)
Book
Soukup, R. Werner;
(2007)
Chemie in Österreich. Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Bergbau, Alchemie und frühe Chemie. Geschichte der frühen chemischen Technologie und Alchemie des ostalpinen Raumes unter Berücksichtigung von Entwicklungen in angrenzenden Regionen
(/isis/citation/CBB000850654/)
Chapter
Marie-Christine Bailly-Maître;
(2014)
Mines et métallurgie au Moyen Âge: une activité hautement stratégique très tôt encadrée par des statuts complexes
(/isis/citation/CBB750706294/)
Article
Huang, Xuechao;
(2012)
Research on Ye Tang
(/isis/citation/CBB001200183/)
Book
Chris Evans;
Louise Miskell;
(2020)
Swansea Copper: A Global History
(/isis/citation/CBB336671042/)
Article
Friedrich Frhr. Waitz von Eschen;
(2020)
Carl Zumbe – Montanexperte in braunschweigischen und hessen-kasselischen Diensten. Fallstudie zur praktischen Verwissenschaftlichung des Montanwesens um 1700 (Carl Zumbe, Mining Expert in the Services of Brunswick and Hessian Cassel. A Case Study on the Practical Scientification of the Mining Sector)
(/isis/citation/CBB694448351/)
Article
Radivojević, Miljana;
Rehren, Thilo;
Kuzmanović-Cvetković, Julka;
Jovanović, Marija;
Northover, J. Peter;
(2013)
Tainted Ores and the Rise of Tin Bronzes in Eurasia, c. 6500 Years Ago
(/isis/citation/CBB001321028/)
Article
Kraschewski, Hans-Joachim;
(2018)
Gestübbe und Nasenschmelzen
(/isis/citation/CBB516963185/)
Article
Andrew Campbell;
Lorenza Gianfrancesco;
Neil Tarrant;
(2018)
Alchemy and the Mendicant Orders of Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe
(/isis/citation/CBB381369165/)
Article
Sébastien Moureau;
(2020)
Min al-Kīmiyā’ ad Alchimiam. The Transmission of Alchemy from the Arab-Muslim world to the Latin West in the Middle Ages
(/isis/citation/CBB807352731/)
Article
Kahn, Didier;
(2011)
Alchemical Poetry in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: A Preliminary Survey and Synthesis. Part II---Synthesis
(/isis/citation/CBB001034739/)
Article
DeVun, Leah;
(2008)
The Jesus Hermaphrodite: Science and Sex Difference in PremodernEurope
(/isis/citation/CBB001030606/)
Article
Lloyd B. Tepper;
(2010)
Industrial Mercurialism: Agricola to the Danbury Shakes
(/isis/citation/CBB422846588/)
Book
Lindberg, David C.;
Shank, Michael H.;
(2013)
The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 2, Medieval Science
(/isis/citation/CBB001510410/)
Article
Jean-Patrice Boudet;
(2020)
The Transmission of Arabic Magic in Europe (Middle Ages - Renaissance)
(/isis/citation/CBB652155588/)
Article
Alfredo Perifano;
(2022)
L'alchimista senza alchimia tra Medioevo e Rinascimento: il volto di una 'passione'
(/isis/citation/CBB787335332/)
Article
Ernesto Riva;
(2018)
Le virtù dei minerali secondo gli scritti attribuiti ad Alberto Magno
(/isis/citation/CBB809392132/)
Article
Theisen, Wilfred;
(1999)
John Dastin's Alchemical Vision
(/isis/citation/CBB000110649/)
Be the first to comment!