Article ID: CBB000950008

Hydrographic Work of the Ingolf Expedition (1895 and 1896) to Icelandic and West Greenland Waters (2008)

unapi

The Danish expedition in the summers of 1895 and 1896 on board the cruiser Ingolf to Icelandic and West Greenland waters mainly had zoological tasks, the results of which are treated in the present issue by Wolff. However, the expedition also obtained significant results in physical oceanography. The existence of a vast subsurface ridge, the Reykjanes Ridge, was proved. On the basis of the hydrographic stations worked, the expedition's physicist and chemist Martin Knudsen was able to describe the hydrographic situation of the area. He proved the division of the Irminger Current into an easterly and westerly branch northwest of Iceland, and the extent and magnitude of the East Icelandic Polar Current were established. The existence of an overflow over the Iceland-Faroe Ridge of cold, low-salinity bottom water from the Norwegian Sea into the Atlantic was demonstrated. Knudsen designed a new, reliable reversing thermometer for use on the expedition, and he constructed an instrument that made it possible to measure aboard the ship the content of oxygen and nitrogen dissolved in the water. He showed that the supersaturation of surface water with oxygen might be explained from the photosynthetic processes of phytoplankton.

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Authors & Contributors
Wutzke, Ulrich
Artin, Emil
Barr, William
Bates, Charles C.
Camprubí, Lino
Davey, J.
Journals
Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Earth Sciences History: Journal of the History of the Earth Sciences Society
Geohistorische Blätter
Istoriko-Biologicheskie Issledovaniia
Journal for Maritime Research: Britian, the Sea and Global History
Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau
Publishers
Corn Field Press
McGill-Queen's University Press
Nauka
University of Calgary Press
Free Scholars Press
Concepts
Oceanography
Hydrography
Scientific expeditions
Travel; exploration
Oceans and seas
Littoral zone, nearshore
People
Wegener, Alfred Lothar
Artin, Emil
Bessels, Emil
Hall, Charles Francis
Time Periods
20th century, early
19th century
20th century
18th century
21st century
20th century, late
Places
Greenland
Denmark
Iceland
Russia
United States
Great Britain
Institutions
Great Britain. Royal Navy
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
United States Navy
United States. Office of Naval Research
St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
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