Article ID: CBB000933692

Did Einstein prove E=mc2? (2009)

unapi

Although Einstein's name is closely linked with the celebrated relation E=mc2 between mass and energy, a critical examination of the more than half dozen proofs of this relation that Einstein produced over a span of forty years reveals that all these proofs suffer from mistakes. Einstein introduced unjustified assumptions, committed fatal errors in logic, or adopted low-speed, restrictive approximations. He never succeeded in producing a valid general proof applicable to a realistic system with arbitrarily large internal speeds. The first such general proof was produced by Max Laue in 1911 (for closed systems with a time-independent energy--momentum tensor) and it was generalized by Felix Klein in 1918 (for arbitrary time-dependent closed systems).

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Authors & Contributors
Lemmerich, Jost
André, Authier
Boughn, Stephen
Goodstein, Judith R.
Gray, Jeremy
Hermann, Armin
Journals
European Physical Journal H
Physics in Perspective
Acta Baltica historiae et philosophiae scientiarum
Almagest
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau
Publishers
Oxford University Press
American Mathematical Society
Berlin Liebenwalde ERS-Verl.
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Franz Steiner Verlag
Johns Hopkins University Press
Concepts
Physics
Relativity, general
Biographies
Theoretical physics
Geometry
Quantum mechanics
People
Einstein, Albert
Laue, Max von
Hilbert, David
Klein, Felix
Levi-Civita, Tullio
Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
Time Periods
20th century, early
20th century
17th century
19th century
Places
Germany
United States
Institutions
Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (Germany)
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG)
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