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Article ID: CBB000933671

Internationalism and the History of Molecular Biology (2006)

Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg (Author)

Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology
Volume: 11
Pages: 249--254

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The history of molecular biology has been told a number of times over the past three decades, and its historiography has thereby experienced a number of reorientations. Questions of periodization, as usual, have been and still are a matter of debate, but most observers will probably agree that the history of molecular biology can conveniently been divided into three major phases. The first phase is marked by a new conjuncture between physics, chemistry, and biology roughly between 1930 and 1950, and it was mediated by a set of innovative research technologies, with a focus on protein analysis and genetics. The second spanned roughly the decades between 1950 and 1970, from the physical elucidation of the structure of the DNA double helix, through its climax with the biochemical deciphering of the genetic code in the early 1960s, to its eclipse, the advent of a properly molecular biological gene technology in the early 1970s. The third phase took its starting point from the construction of the first transgenic DNA molecules in the early 1970s and resulted, a decade later, in the human genome project. This paper concentrates on the international aspects of the development of molecular biology. Internationalism took distinctively different forms within the three periods just mentioned. These different forms are, on the one hand, intimately connected to the changing national and international political contexts: the interwar period and World War II; the period of the Cold War; and the period of post-communist globalization. On the other hand, they are as well an epistemic function of the evolving and diversifying objects of molecular biology. These different constellations shall be considered more closely.

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