Article
ID: CBB000933666

Nikolaj A. Livanow (1876--1974) and the Living Relict Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata) (2006)

unapi
Zoology Anatomy Physiology Biographies 19th century 20th century, early Livanow, Nikolaj A.

The Clitellates are segmented worms (Annelida) that are characterized by a glandular girdle responsible for cocoon production. They are usually classified as the Oligochaeta (earthworms and allies) and the Euhirudinea (true leeches); these carnivorous clitellates use two suckers for attachment and crawling. In 1850, A. E. Grube discovered a primitive leech with only one (posterior) sucker and earthworm-like cephalic chaetae for attachment to its host. The anatomy of this living relict (Acanthobdella peledina) was described by N. A. Livanow in 1906. Our knowledge of A. peledina is based on Livanow's detailed and comprehensive monograph in which this fish parasite is identified as an ancient hirudinean. In this article we describe the life and major scientific works of N. A. Livanow and summarize his contributions to annelid systematics. We also review the life cycle and phylogenetic position of the connecting link, A. peledina, based on anatomical studies and DNA sequence data. It is concluded that both Livanow's hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic relationships within the clitellata and his interpretation of the living fossil A. peledina were correct. In addition, the second Acanthobdella species, A. livanowi Epshtein 1966, is briefly described and commented on.

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Authors & Contributors
Zarzoso, Alfons
Vahromeeva, O. B.
Tellado, J. M.
Sturdy, Steve
Smith, Paul J.
Setoguchi, Akihisa
Journals
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Asclepio: Archivo Iberoamericano de Historia de la Medicina
Archives of Natural History
Victorian Studies
Science in Context
Royal Historical Society. Transactions
Publishers
Shaker
de Gruyter
Brill
University of Toronto
Concepts
Physiology
Anatomy
Zoology
Biology
Biographies
Classification in biology
People
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monet de
Volta, Alessandro
Vicq d'Azyr, Félix
Sereni, Enrico
Oldfield Thomas, Michael Rogers
Moquin-Tandon, Alfred
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
18th century
Ancient
Renaissance
20th century
Places
Greece
Naples (Italy)
Catalonia (Spain)
Scotland
United States
Spain
Institutions
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Spain)
British Museum. Natural History
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