Taking into account the scientific theories about biological diversity in our species, specially those that constituted the orthodoxy in the last part of the XIXth century (i.e. those of authors such as Darwin, Broca, Huxley, Haeckel, Vogt, etc.), this paper analyzes the ideological connections that could be established between evolutionary and biological theories about human races (specially the Darwinist models about human evolution) and, on the other hand, the racial hierarchies imposed by the economic logic of victorian imperialism. Keywords: scientific racism, human evolution, Darwinism, physical anthropology, XIXth century.
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