Ferlin, Fabrice (Author)
. This paper is concerned with the history of optical aberrations, from Galileo to the 1770s. since the first telescopes were without corrections, they had restricted powers. Newton asserted that it was impossible to solve this problem; but in 1747 Euler proposed a solution. during the 1750s, polemics arose between Euler (Prussia), Klingenstierna (Sweden) and Dollond (Great-Britain) who produced for sale the first achromatic lens. accurate theories, in order to correct chromatic and spherical aberrations, were derived only later, in the next decade, especially by Klingenstierna, Clairaut, d'Alembert and Euler. Unfortunately, in Continental Europe, practical results did not follow as expected, not only for scientific reasons (lack of spectroscopic notions) but also because of the poor quality of glass (good flintglass was produced exclusively in England till the beginning of the 19th century). our paper gives a survey of d'Alembert's main memoirs, that cover more than 1000 pages, sometimes very original and unjustly forgotten in the history of optics.
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