A nationwide movement of modern health campaigns developed in Chinese cities in 1915--16. They emphasised connections between good health, modernisation and the all-round progress of the Chinese people. The campaigns used lectures, exhibits, demonstrations and slide and film shows. This article focuses on the campaigns in three cities. It demonstrates how they championed the ideas of hygiene and sanitation and stimulated officialdom into creating new public health institutions. The campaigns became an essential element in the promotion of the idea of a modern state during a period in which China was characterised by a high degree of political instability.
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