The matrix speculum probably appeared in the first century as a bronze instrument: it was dug out of the ruins of Pompeii and was still used at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1806 Recamier used a slender tin tube to treat ulcers of the uterus and his tub quickly became conical and then appeared a double tin speculum. Four reasons contributed to his success - the smooth wall of the tube, the choice of tin, the conical design, and the venereal diseases in Recamier's period.
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