Article ID: CBB000931189

Priority, Invisibility and Eradication: The History of Smallpox and the Brazilian Public Health Agenda (2009)

unapi

The aim of this article is to review the long history of smallpox eradication in Brazil. This history is not restricted to the institutional landmarks defined by the creation of the Smallpox Eradication Campaign (Campanha de Erradicação da Varíola or CEV) in August 1966 that culminated in the international certification of eradication in August 1973. Rather, the history of vaccination in Brazil dates back to the early nineteenth century when smallpox control through vaccination was always a priority on the country's sanitary agenda. Smallpox control maintained its primacy into the 1910s, after which yellow fever supplanted it as the infectious disease of main concern in the 1920s and 1930s. From the mid-1940s malaria control became the priority, followed in the 1950s by a greater emphasis on malaria eradication, in accordance with the international health agenda. Thus during nearly fifty years---from approximately the mid-1910s to the mid-1960s---smallpox control disappeared from Brazil's radar as a health policy priority, even though the disease, especially in its predominantly minor form, continued to be acknowledged.

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Authors & Contributors
Palmer, Steven Paul
Hochman, Gilberto
Bhattacharya, Sanjoy
Martín Espinosa, Noelia María
Leclercq, Valérie
Ayarzagüena Sanz, Mariano
Concepts
Public health
Vaccines; vaccination
Smallpox
Medicine and government
Prevention and control of disease
Disease and diseases
Time Periods
20th century
19th century
21st century
20th century, early
18th century
20th century, late
Places
Brazil
India
England
United States
Canada
Velha Goa (India)
Institutions
World Health Organization (WHO)
UNICEF
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
World Bank
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