This paper argues that competition between the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Surgeons there for control of medical practice locally offers a more convincing explanation of the Act to Regulate Madhouses in Scotland than viewing it as an expression of early nineteenth-century Scottish lunacy reform. Events leading to the Act becoming law are described and analysed in detail against the backdrop of the Edinburgh medical community. The attitudes of College Presidents to provisions in the Act about the health and medical inspection of confined lunatics are seen as representative of wider attitudes advanced by their respective medical corporations.
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