Several large-size objective lenses are found in the Astronomical-Physical Cabinet in Cassel, which have aroused several times the interest of specialists in the past. One of them bears the signature Guiseppe Campani in Roma anno 1684 Palmi 145. Since G.D. Cassini, the first director of Paris Observatory, discovered several of Saturn's moons and the Cassini division of Saturn's ring with Campani-lenses of similar construction, the cultural value of the Cassel lense is to be estimated highly. Starting from the technique of the aerial telescope, the contribution tries to answer the question which astronomical observations have theoretically been possible with it, and tells the story of the purchase in Rome and the attempts in Cassel to use the aerial telescope for astronomical use even almost 100 years after its construction.
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