At the start of the twentieth century it was generally believed that our Galaxy constituted the entire visible universe, but by the mid-1960s astronomers had a vastly broader view of the universe's extent and history. The expanding range of astrophysical techniques and methods (especially means of determining distances and the rapidly growing use of radio astronomy), together with the redshift--distance relation and the models of an expanding universe, had produced exchanges between theory and data in studies of the large scale properties of the universe that had been unthinkable in the early years of the century. These exchanges bred an optimism among astronomers and mathematicians that they could in time chart accurately the structure and form of the universe beyond our own Galaxy, as well as discuss, and ultimately explain, the entire history of the universe, a remarkable change in outlook from a few decades earlier. Astronomers had long developed evolutionary views for the stars and planets; by the 1960s they had established them for galaxies and the universe itself.
...MoreDescription Continuation of JournalArticle; Smith, Robert W.; Beyond the Galaxy: The... (2008) [930121]
Article Smith, Robert W. (2008) Beyond the Galaxy: The Development of Extragalactic Astronomy, 1885--1965, Part 1. Journal for the History of Astronomy (p. 91).
Article Smith, Robert W. (2008) Beyond the Galaxy: The Development of Extragalactic Astronomy, 1885--1965, Part 1. Journal for the History of Astronomy (p. 91).
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