Chapter ID: CBB000800270

Alexander von Humboldts Beitrag zu Entwicklung und Institutionalisierung von Meteorologie und Klimatologie im 19. Jahrhundert (2003)

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Bernhardt, Karl-Heinz (Author)


Pages: 195-221


Publication Date: 2003
Edition Details: Translated title: [Alexander von Humboldt's contribution to the development and institutionalization of meteorology and climatology in the 19th century.] In German.
Language: German

Following fome introductory remarks about Alexander v. Humboldt as a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and concerning publications dedicated to him by meteorologists and geophyisicists on jubilee occasions in the course of the second half of the 20th century, the state of meteorology and climatology, especially, in Humboldt's time is outlined. After that, the contributions made by Humboldt to climatology are specified and discussed in the light of today's climatology. The use of isothermal lines by Humboldt to describe the annual mean surface temperature distribution based upon real measurements all over the world is delineated as well as Humboldt's definition of climate and his insight into the climate system and into the operation of its components. Further, Humboldt's efforts for the foundation of the Prussian meteorological Institute is considered. In this connection, Humboldt's view about the practical use of climataological data for agriculture, medicine, trade, and navigation and also the indications to mesoclimatic contrasts and anthropogenic climate modification effects are emphasized. Finally, the impetus given by Humboldt to the institutionalization of meteorology in the Berlin-Brandenburg region and to the development of climatology as a whole is evaluated taking into account the situation in the present time.

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Authors & Contributors
Leitner, Ulrike
Knobloch, Eberhard
Pieper, Herbert
Humboldt, Alexander von
Baker, Zeke
Anna Senft
Concepts
Meteorology
Earth sciences
Climate and climatology
International cooperation
Science and government
Geography
Time Periods
19th century
18th century
20th century
21st century
17th century
Places
Berlin (Germany)
United States
Italy
Germany
Gulf of Mexico
England
Institutions
Berlin Zoological Museum
Anatomical-zootomical Museum in Berlin
Berlin Atmospheric Program
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
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