Bernhardt, Karl-Heinz (Author)
Following fome introductory remarks about Alexander v. Humboldt as a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and concerning publications dedicated to him by meteorologists and geophyisicists on jubilee occasions in the course of the second half of the 20th century, the state of meteorology and climatology, especially, in Humboldt's time is outlined. After that, the contributions made by Humboldt to climatology are specified and discussed in the light of today's climatology. The use of isothermal lines by Humboldt to describe the annual mean surface temperature distribution based upon real measurements all over the world is delineated as well as Humboldt's definition of climate and his insight into the climate system and into the operation of its components. Further, Humboldt's efforts for the foundation of the Prussian meteorological Institute is considered. In this connection, Humboldt's view about the practical use of climataological data for agriculture, medicine, trade, and navigation and also the indications to mesoclimatic contrasts and anthropogenic climate modification effects are emphasized. Finally, the impetus given by Humboldt to the institutionalization of meteorology in the Berlin-Brandenburg region and to the development of climatology as a whole is evaluated taking into account the situation in the present time.
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