Some 190 persecuted scientists from Nazi Germany found refuge in Turkey between 1933 and 1945. In July 1933, the Notgemeinschaft Deutscher Wissenschaftler im Ausland (Emergency Assistance Organization for German Scientists) contacted the Turkish government, asking it to offer positions to senior level persecuted scientists and physicians (Jewish and non-Jewish). The Turkish government, for its part, was already engaged in a vast enterprise of reforming its system of higher education and was keen to seize this opportunity. Historians have taken little notice of this important episode of the Shoah, in which Albert Einstein also played a role (albeit minor). The integration of the émigré scientists in Turkey is described and their influence on its development discussed. The perception of this episode by public opinion in Turkey today is also considered.
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