According to Taj al-Din al-Subki (d. 771 / 1370), al-Ghazali (d. 505 / 1111) was the renewer (mujaddid) of the Muslim faith at the end of the 5th / 11th century, whereas al-Razi (d. 606 /1210) was the renewer of faith at the end of the 6th / 12th century. That al-Ghazali deserves such an honour can hardly be disputed, and his importance in the history of Islamic thought is generally recognised. However, the same cannot, as easily, be said of al-Razi, whose historical significance is far from being truly appreciated, and some of the most important books of whom still await publication. Much is known about his views on particular philosophical and theological problems, and about the historical backgrounds to, and the relations amongst, some of these views. Some rather general observations on his thought are also common; for instance, that he is a heavily philosophising Ash`ari mutakallim, a master dialectician, and an influential critic of Ibn Sina.
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Perler, Dominik;
Rudolph, Ulrich;
(2005)
Logik und Theologie: Das Organon im arabischen und im lateinischen Mittelalter
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Aradi, Naomi;
(2013)
The Origins of the Kalām Model of Discussion on the Concept of Tawḥīd
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Ibrahim, Mohd Radhi;
(2013)
Immediate Knowledge According to Al-Qāḍī abd Al-Jabbār
(/isis/citation/CBB001252565/)
Book
Griffel, Frank;
(2009)
Al-Ghazali's Philosophical Theology
(/isis/citation/CBB000951903/)
Article
Al-Salimi, Abdulrahman;
(2013)
Early Ibāḍī Theological Arguments on Atoms and Accidents
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Book
Goodich, Michael;
(2007)
Miracles and Wonders: The Development of the Concept of Miracle, 1150--1350. Church, Faith, and Culture in the Medieval West
(/isis/citation/CBB001020346/)
Thesis
Sansbury, Timothy N.;
(2006)
Divine Temporal Transcendence: A Defense of the Traditional TheologicalPosition in Science, Philosophy, and Theology
(/isis/citation/CBB001561487/)
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Damanti, Alfredo;
(2010)
Libertas Philosophandi: Teologia e filosofia nella lettera alla granduchessa Cristina di Lorena di Galileo Galilei
(/isis/citation/CBB001023184/)
Thesis
Moritz, Joshua M.;
(2011)
Chosen from among the Animals: The End of Human Uniqueness and the Election of the Image of God
(/isis/citation/CBB001567299/)
Book
Hunt, Lynn;
Jacob, Margaret C.;
Mijnhardt, W. W.;
(2010)
The Book That Changed Europe: Picart and Bernard's Religious Ceremonies of the World
(/isis/citation/CBB001220114/)
Book
Stroumsa, Sarah;
(1999)
Freethinkers of medieval Islam: Ibn al-Rawandi, Abu Bakr al-Razi, and their impact on Islamic thought
(/isis/citation/CBB000111378/)
Book
Bakar, Osman;
(2000)
The History and Philosophy of Islamic Science
(/isis/citation/CBB000111367/)
Book
Luis Arturo Guichard;
García Alonso, Juan Luis;
María Paz Hoz (de);
(2014)
The Alexandrian Tradition: Interactions between Science, Religion, and Literature
(/isis/citation/CBB875455759/)
Book
Van Bladel, Kevin Thomas;
(2009)
The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science
(/isis/citation/CBB001024845/)
Article
Griffel, Frank;
(2004)
Al-Ġazālī's Concept of Prophecy: The Introduction of Avicennan Psychology into Aš`arite Theology
(/isis/citation/CBB000500661/)
Chapter
Robert Morrison;
(2013)
What Was the Purpose of Astronomy in Ījī’s Kitāb al-Mawāqif fī ʿilm al-kalām?
(/isis/citation/CBB431617752/)
Article
Daniel D. De Haan;
(2016)
Where Does Avicenna Demonstrate the Existence of God?
(/isis/citation/CBB226556240/)
Article
Bussey, Peter J.;
(2013)
God as First Cause---A Review of the Kalam Argument
(/isis/citation/CBB001200885/)
Book
Saverio Ricci;
(2018)
Campanella. Apocalisse e governo universale
(/isis/citation/CBB821635845/)
Chapter
Crowther, Kathleen M.;
(2008)
Sacred Philosophy, Secular Theology: The Mosaic Physics of Levinus Lemnius (1505--1568) and Francisco Valles (1524--1592)
(/isis/citation/CBB001031830/)
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