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Article ID: CBB000471123

Open or Closed? Dirac, Heisenberg, and the Relation between Classical and Quantum Mechanics (2004)

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
Volume: 35
Pages: 377--396

DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2003.11.002

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Quantum mechanics Methodology of science; scientific method Controversies and disputes Theoretical physics 20th century Heisenberg, Werner Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice

This paper describes a long-standing, though little known, debate between Dirac and Heisenberg over the nature of scientific methodology, theory change, and intertheoretic relations. Following Heisenberg's terminology, their disagreements can be summarized as a debate over whether the classical and quantum theories are "open" or "closed." A close examination of this debate sheds new light on the philosophical views of two of the great founders of quantum theory.

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