Article ID: CBB000470301

Nuclear Orientation and Nuclear Cooling Experiments in Oxford and Helsinki Part 3. Progress from 1975 to 2001 (2003)

unapi

Studies of spontaneous nuclear ordering in metals were started in Finland in 1974, eventually making positive and negative spin temperatures in the nanokelvin and picokelvin regimes experimentally possible. Magnetic susceptibility and neutron diffraction measurements on copper, silver and rhodium metals are described, with particular emphasis on negative spin temperatures.

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Authors & Contributors
Bleaney, Brebis
Lounasmaa, O. V.
Munns, David P. D.
Atten, Mark van
Brock, William H.
Dore, Ubaldo
Journals
Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
European Physical Journal H
Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science
Physics in Perspective
Acta Baltica historiae et philosophiae scientiarum
Ambix: Journal of the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry
Publishers
Routledge
Washington State University Press
Concepts
Atomic, nuclear, and particle physics
Nuclear reactors
Science education and teaching
Physics
Scientific communities; interprofessional relations
Neutrinos
People
Barrow, John D.
Clarke, Arthur C.
Davy, Humphry
Feinberg, Gerald
Gödel, Kurt
Hawking, Stephen W.
Time Periods
20th century, late
19th century
20th century, early
21st century
20th century
Places
Helsinki (Finland)
United States
Belgium
Finland
Russia
Naples (Italy)
Institutions
Oxford University
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Cambridge University
University of Helsinki. Observatory and Astrophysical Laboratory
University of Michigan
Pulkovo Observatory
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