Article Call, Lewis; (1998)
Anti-Darwin, anti-Spencer: Friedrich Nietzsche's critique of Darwin and “Darwinism” (/isis/citation/CBB000077315/)

Book Johnson, Dirk R.; (2010)
Nietzsche's Anti-Darwinism (/isis/citation/CBB001023122/)

Thesis Rayner, Edward S.; (1996)
Confusion and cohesion in emerging sciences: Darwin, Wallace, and Social Darwinism (/isis/citation/CBB001565802/)

Article Adams, James Eli; (1989)
Woman red in tooth and claw: Nature and the feminine in Tennyson and Darwin (/isis/citation/CBB000047869/)

Article Weikart, Richard; (1998)
Laissez-faire Social Darwinism and individualist competition in Darwin and Huxley (/isis/citation/CBB000077710/)

Book Peter J. Woodford; (2018)
The Moral Meaning of Nature: Nietzsche's Darwinian Religion and Its Critics (/isis/citation/CBB934342635/)

Book Christian J. Emden; (2014)
Nietzsche's Naturalism: Philosophy and the Life Sciences in the Nineteenth Century (/isis/citation/CBB014242234/)

Book Moore, Gregory; (2002)
Nietzsche, Biology, and Metaphor (/isis/citation/CBB000401086/)

Article Enrico Bonatti; (2021)
Darwin and Inequality (/isis/citation/CBB170944055/)

Book Pittenger, Mark; (1993)
American sociologists and evolutionary thought, 1870-1920 (/isis/citation/CBB000052456/)

Book Davis, Winston; (1996)
The moral and political naturalism of Baron Katō Hiroyuki (/isis/citation/CBB000072041/)

Article Hawkins, M.J.; (1995)
The struggle for existence in 19th-century social theory: Three case studies (/isis/citation/CBB000064745/)

Article Goldwert, Marvin; (1985)
Social Darwinism and evolutionary socialism in late-19th-century England (/isis/citation/CBB000032709/)

Chapter Weindling, Paul; (1989)
Ernst Haeckel, Darwinismus, and the secularization of nature (/isis/citation/CBB000048767/)

Chapter La Vergata, Antonello; (1995)
Herbert Spencer: Biology, sociology, and cosmic evolution (/isis/citation/CBB000031976/)

Article Haines, Valerie A.; (1988)
Is Spencer's theory an evolutionary theory? (/isis/citation/CBB000060494/)

Chapter Hejl, Peter M.; (1995)
The importance of the concepts of “organism” and “evolution” in Emile Durkheim's division of social labor and the influence of Herbert Spencer (/isis/citation/CBB000031837/)

Article Laurent, John; (1986)
Alternative Social Darwinism in an Australian context, 1890-1914 (/isis/citation/CBB000044803/)

Article Blinderman, Charles; (1993)
Mudlarks of the Thames: Victorian oeconomy as scientific metaphor (/isis/citation/CBB000055122/)

Article Oates, David; (1988)
Social Darwinism and natural theodicy (/isis/citation/CBB000052243/)